Isingeniso
Imboni yokunakekela izindwangu ibe noguquko olukhulu kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule. Okwake kwancika ngokuphelele emanzini, ezinsipho eziqinile, nasemsebenzini wezandla sekuguqukele ekubeni umkhakha othuthuke kakhulu,{1}oqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe. Enhliziyweni yalokhu kuguquka kwesimanje yi-Drying Cleaning Umshini-ucezu oluyisipesheli lwamathuluzi embonini olwenzelwe ukuhlanza izindwangu ezithambile kusetshenziswa izincibilikisi zamakhemikhali esikhundleni samanzi, oguquguquka kalula usuka emjikelezweni wokugeza uye esimweni esomile ngokuphelele ngaphakathi komgqomo owodwa ovalekile.
Emalondolo okuthengisa, amahhotela, izindlu zemfashini, namabhizinisi okuhlanza okomile, ukukhetha nokusebenzisa imishini efanele akusesona nje isinqumo sokusebenza; kuyisu elibucayi elithinta inzuzo, ubude bezingubo, kanye nokuhambisana nemvelo. Lo mhlahlandlela obanzi uhlola ubukhenikha obuyinkimbinkimbi, izinhlaka zamakhemikhali, izinzuzo zokusebenza, kanye nezindawo zokulawula ezizungeze imishini yesimanje yokunakekela izindwangu.
I-Anatomy kanye Nomgomo Wokusebenza Womshini Wokuhlanza Wokomisa
Ukuze ujabulele ukusebenza kahle Komshini Wokuhlanza Wokomisa wesimanje, umuntu kufanele abheke ngale-ingaphandle lawo lensimbi futhi aqonde{1}}isakhiwo sawo esivaliwe. Ngokungafani nemishini yokuwasha yendawo yokuhlala ethembele ekukhipheni amanzi avulekile, izindawo zokuthengisa zokuhlanza ziyizinto eziphilayo{3}eziqukethwe zona ngokwazo eziklanyelwe ukuwasha, ukukhipha, ukomisa, kanye nokufuna kabusha izincibilikisi ngomjikelezo oqhubekayo.
Isigaba sokuwasha nokukhipha
Inqubo iqala esigubhu sangaphakathi esijikelezayo (noma kubhasikidi). Izingubo zilayishwa esigubhini, esibese sikhukhula ngomthamo onembile we-solvent ophuma emathangeni okubamba. Njengoba isigubhu sijikeleza, isenzo somshini siyaphakamisa futhi siwise izingubo, okuvumela isincibilikisi ukuba singene emiculweni futhi sincibilikise amafutha, amagrisi, nenhlabathi egxilile. Ngenxa yokuthi izincibilikisi azivuvukali imicu yemvelo njengokotini noma uvolo ngendlela amanzi enza ngayo, izindwangu zihlala zizinzile ngokwesakhiwo, zivimbela ukushwabana. Uma umjikelezo wokugeza usuphelile, umshini ungena esigabeni esikhulu-sokukhipha isivinini, uphotha ubhasikidi ngamandla G-okuphezulu ukuze ukhiphe uketshezi oluningi ezimpahleni bese ubuyela ohlelweni lokuhlunga.
I-Distillation kanye ne-Filtration System
Umehluko omkhulu wemishini yokuhlanza izimboni yikhono layo lokuhlanza uketshezi lwawo lokucubungula. Njengoba i-solvent ishiya isigubhu, idlula ochungechungeni lwezicupho zezinkinobho, izikrini ze-lint, nezihlungi ze-cartridge ukuze kukhishwe i-particle eqinile. Ukusuka lapho, i-solvent engcoliswe kakhulu idluliselwa ku-distillation unit (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "namanje"). Lapha, isincibilikisi siyashiselwa size sibilise, sisiguqule sibe umhwamuko futhi sishiye amafutha asindayo, ama-grease, odayi nezinsalela zenhlabathi. Lo mhwamuko ube usuhanjiswa ku-condenser, upholiswe ubuyele esimweni soketshezi oluhlanzekile, bese uphindiselwa emuva emathangeni okubamba ahlanzekile ukuze kulayishwe olandelayo.
Isigaba Sokubuyiswa Kokomiswa Nokubuyiswa Kwe-Vapor
Ingxenye "yokomisa" yomshini Wokuhlanza Ukomisa iyisigaba sobungcweti kwezobunjiniyela be-thermodynamic. Ngemuva kokukhipha, izingubo zisamanzi nge-solvent. Umshini uzungeza umoya oshisayo ngesigubhu, uhwamulise uketshezi olusele oluvaleleke phakathi kwezindwangu. Ukuze uvimbele le mfucumfucu yamakhemikhali ukuthi ingaphumi emkhathini, isincibiliki{3}}somoya ogcwele sidlula ikhoyili yesiqandisi (evaporator). Ukubanda okudlulele kubangela ukuba umhwamuko oncibilikayo ujiye ubuyele oketshezini, oluhlukaniswa nanoma imaphi amanzi ayinsalela ngesihlukanisi esingokoqobo bese ubuyiselwa emuva emathangeni ahlanzekile. Uma umoya usukhishiwe ikhemikhali, iyashiswa futhi ibuyiselwe esigubhini kuze kube yilapho izingubo zomile ngokuphelele futhi zinuka.
I-Evolution of Solvents and Chemical Safety
Ukusebenza kahle komshini Komshini Wokuhlanza Ukomisa kuhlobene kakhulu nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali zesincibilikisi esisisebenzisayo. Emashumini eminyaka adlule, imboni iye yasuka ezintweni eziguquguqukayo kakhulu, ezivutha umlilo yaya kwezinye ezinze kakhulu,{1}}ezithuthukisiwe.
I-Perchlorethylene (Perc)
Sekungamashumi eminyaka, i-Perchlorethylene, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Perc, yayiyizinga legolide elingenakuphikiswa lomkhakha wokuhlanza okomile. Ukuminyana kwayo okuphezulu kanye namandla amahle kakhulu okwehlisa amafutha ayenze yasebenza ngendlela emangalisayo ekususeni amabala anenkani,{1}}asekelwe kuwoyela. Kodwa-ke, i-Perc ihlukaniswa njenge-carcinogen yabantu eyaziwayo kanye nomhlabathi obalulekile namanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Nakuba izindawo eziningi zezimboni{4}}ezisindayo zisasebenzisa i-Perc emishinini elawulwa ngokuqinile,{5}}yesizukulwane sesihlanu evaliwe{6}}, imboni yomhlaba wonke iyakuqeda ngokushesha ukuze ivune ezinye izindlela eziphephile.
I-Hydrocarbon ne-Silicone-Izincibilikisi Ezisekelwe
Njengoba ingcindezi yokulawula ikhuphuka, abakhiqizi bemishini bashintsha imishini ukuze isingathe izincibilikisi ze-hydrocarbon. IHydrocarbon iyindlela ephumelelayo, ethambile kakhulu kune-Perc. Iphumelela kakhulu ekwelapheni izingxube zokwenziwa kanye nokugqokwa kwakusihlwa okuntekenteke ngaphandle kokuhlubula imibala noma ukulimaza ubuhlalu obubucayi namasequin.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kwavela izinyibilikisi ze-silicone eziwuketshezi (njengeGreenEarth). Ihlanganiswe nesihlabathi esiwuketshezi (SiO2), i-silicone solvent ayifaki amakhemikhali, ayinabo ubuthi ngokuphelele,{2}} futhi yonakala ngokwemvelo ibe amanzi, i-carbon dioxide, ne-silica uma ikhishelwa endaweni ezungezile. Imishini eyakhelwe i-hydrocarbon ne-silicone idinga izingxenye eziyisipesheli zokushisisa nokuqhuma{{4}ngoba lezi zinyibilikisi zine-flashpoint elinganisekayo, ngokungafani-ne-Perc engashi.
Utshwala obuguquliwe kanye ne-Glycol Ethers
Umngcele wakamuva kubunjiniyela bamakhemikhali wokunakekelwa kwendwangu ubandakanya utshwala obushintshiwe. Lezi zincibilikisi zivala igebe phakathi kwamandla okuhlanza anamandla e-Perc kanye nesimo esimnene se-hydrocarbon. Zifaka izici ezinhle kakhulu ze-lipophilic (-ezincibilikayo) kanye ne-hydrophilic (amanzi-ezincibilikayo), okusho ukuthi zingakwazi ukubhekana namabala anamafutha kanye namabala omjuluko{4}}ancibilikayo ngesikhathi esisodwa, okunciphisa isidingo sokubuka{5}} mathupha.
Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zesisetshenziswa Sesimanje Sokomisa Ukuhlanza
Ukusebenzisa isimo-so{1}}sobuciko bomshini Wokuhlanza Okokomisa kunikeza imisebenzi yezentengiselwano ngezinzuzo ezihlukile ezincintisanayo, ukunqamula ukulondolozwa kwendwangu, ukuphathwa kwensiza, nokusebenza kokusebenza.
I-Superior Fabric Preservation
Amanzi ashintsha ukwakheka komzimba kwemicu eminingi yemvelo. Imicu yovolo iyahlangana futhi izwakale, usilika ulahlekelwa ukucwebezela kwawo, futhi izingubo ezithungiwe zilahlekelwa ulwelwesi oluhlelekile lwangaphakathi. Ngenxa yokuthi izincibilikisi ezomile aziyishintshi i-fiber geometry, izingubo ezihlanzwa kule mishini ekhethekile zigcina umumo wazo wangempela, ukuthungwa, nemibala egqamile. Lokhu kwandisa kakhulu impilo yomfaniswano, izingubo zikanokusho, namalineni athambile.
Ukusebenza Kwensiza Okungafani
Izizukulwane zakuqala zemishini yokuhlanza okomile zazikhipha umhwamuko emoyeni, okuholela emfucumfucwini wamakhemikhali omkhulu kanye nokungcola okukhulu. Imishini yesimanje{1}}evaliwe ye-loop iphinda ithola ngaphezulu kuka-99% we-solvent esetshenziswa kuwo wonke umjikelezo. Ngokudidiyela kanye nokujiya ikhemikhali ngokuqhubekayo, opharetha angaphinda asebenzise inqwaba efanayo yesincibilikisi ezinkulungwaneni zemithwalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi le mishini ayixhumi kuzintambo zamanzi zikamasipala zesikhathi somjikelezo wokugeza, yehlisa ngokuphawulekayo indawo lapho amanzi ekhona, ebeka umkhawulo wokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kuma-cool tower noma{5}}ama-loop chiller avaliwe aphakela amasistimu esiqandisi.
Okuzenzakalela Okuthuthukile Nokwenza Ngokwezifiso
Imishini yesimanje ifakwe eziyinkimbinkimbi Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). Ama-opharetha angahlela amaresiphi{1}esiteji anembe,{1}eziningi enzelwe izindwangu ezithile. Isibonelo, umjikelezo wamajakhethi esikhumba asindayo uzofaka isivinini esiphansi sesigubhu, izikhathi ezinwetshiwe zokukhipha, namazinga okushisa omile amaphakathi, kanti umjikelezo wezingubo zomshado zikasilika uzosebenzisa isenzo esithambile, ukucwiliswa okuncane kwe-solvent, kanye{3}}nokoma okuphansi{3}}nokushisa ukuze kuvinjwe ingcindezi yefayibha.
Ukugcinwa, Amazinga Okuphepha, Nokuthotshelwa Kwemithetho
Ukusebenzisa Umshini Wokuhlanza Wokomisa Wasezimbonini kudinga ukubambelela ngokuqinile ekugcinweni kokuvimbela kanye nokuhambisana nomthetho. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlelo zilawula amakhemikhali aguquguqukayo noma alawulwayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu yokushisa neyomshini, ukunganaki kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwemishini, kumiphumela yokuhlanza engemihle, noma izinhlawulo ezinzima zomthetho.
Ukugcinwa Kokuvikela Kwansuku zonke Namaviki Onke
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquki, opharetha kufanele benze ukuhlola kwansuku zonke. Inkinobho yokucupha-ubhasikidi obamba imfucumfucu emikhulu njengezinhlamvu zemali ezixegayo, amakholola, nezinkinobho ngaphambi kokuthi ifike kumaphampu{2}}kumele ithululwe ngemva kwemijikelezo embalwa. Izikrini ze-Lint kufanele zihlanzwe njalo ukuze kugcinwe ukugeleza komoya okulungile phakathi nomjikelezo wokomisa; izikrini ze-lint ezivalekile ziphoqa i-compressor ukuthi isebenze ngokuzikhandla, inweba izikhathi zokomisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi. Ukunakekelwa kwamasonto onke kuhilela ukuhlanza izinsalela zokucwiliswa kwamanzi (okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi izinsalela ezisasele noma "ukupheka"), okufanele ziphathwe futhi zilahlwe njengemfucuza eyingozi ngokwezimiso zendawo zendawo.
Ukutholwa kokuvuza kanye Nokubuka konke Kwezokulawula
Ezindaweni eziningi ezithuthukisiwe, ama-ejensi okuvikela imvelo adinga izindawo zokuhlanza ezomile ukuze zigcine amalogi aqinile we-solvent mileage futhi zenze izivivinyo zokuthola ukuvuza okuyisibopho. Besebenzisa i-halogen ephathwayo noma imitshina ye-photoionization, o-opharetha kufanele bahlole ama-gaskets, ama-valve, amajoyinti amapayipi, nezivalo zezicabha ukuze kutholakale{1}}ukuvuza okuncane komphunga we-solvent. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umshini ugcina isivalo esingangeni moya ngokuphelele kuvimbela ukuchayeka emsebenzini futhi kugwema ukulahlekelwa kwamakhemikhali okumba eqolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo zokusebenza kufanele zihambisane namazinga ezempilo omsebenzi ngokuqinisekisa ukungena komoya owanele kanye nokuhlinzeka opharetha ngemishini yokuzivikela efanele (i-PPE) ngesikhathi sokunakekela.
Isiphetho
Umshini Wokuhlanza Wokomisa wesimanje umele ukuphambana okuphelele kobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali, ukwakheka komshini, nokwazi imvelo. Kusukela kumsuka wayo ophansi njengohlelo oluvulekile{1}}oluvulekile, oluguquguqukayo ngamakhemikhali, isikhule yaba isimangaliso esisebenza kahle kakhulu, esivaliwe{2}}esikwazi ukulondoloza izindwangu ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni kuyilapho sinciphisa kakhulu indawo yayo yemvelo.
Njengoba imakethe yezindwangu iqhubeka nokusungula ngama-microfiber okwenziwa kanye{0}}nendwangu ephezulu ehlanganisiwe, isidingo sokunakekelwa okunembe,{1}okuncibilikisiwe sizokhula kuphela. Abanikazi bamabhizinisi abatshala imali emishinini ethuthukisiwe{3}ehambisana nezincibiliki eziningi efakwe ama-PLC ahlakaniphile bazibeka endaweni yabo ukuze bathole ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza, ukusebenza kahle kwensiza okungenakuqhathaniswa, kanye nokuthula kwengqondo okuphelele kokulawula. Ikusasa lokunakekelwa kwendwangu lisekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwalezi zinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo, ukuqondisa imboni yomhlaba wonke iye endaweni ehlanzekile, eluhlaza, nenenzuzo eyengeziwe.
